在pom.xml中配置以下代码，随后使用mvnw clean package打包

<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<!-- 主类地址，如我的项目中主类是com/server目录下的ServerDemoApplication.java，配置就如下 -->
					<mainClass>com.server.ServerDemoApplication</mainClass>
                    <executable>true</executable>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                    <includes>
                        <include>
                            <groupId>nothing</groupId>
                            <artifactId>nothing</artifactId>
                        </include>
                    </includes>
                </configuration>
			</plugin>
			<!-- 将第三方包拷贝到lib目录 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>copy-dependencies</id>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration><outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

启动打包的jar文件

java -Dloader.path=./lib -jar xxx.jar

pom.xml（完整代码）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>3.1.1</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.server</groupId>
	<artifactId>server_name</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>server_name</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>17</java.version>
	</properties>
	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>alimaven</id>
			<name>aliyun maven</name>
			<layout>default</layout>
			<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

	<pluginRepositories>
		<pluginRepository>
			<id>alimaven</id>
			<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
		</pluginRepository>
	</pluginRepositories>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId>
			<artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
			<version>2.3.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
			<artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.32</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
			<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
			<version>3.5.3</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
			<scope>runtime</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
			<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
			<version>3.3.2</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<!-- 主类地址，如我的项目中主类是com/server目录下的ServerDemoApplication.java，配置就如下 -->
					<mainClass>com.server.ServerDemoApplication</mainClass>
                    <executable>true</executable>
                    <layout>ZIP</layout>
                    <includes>
                        <include>
                            <groupId>nothing</groupId>
                            <artifactId>nothing</artifactId>
                        </include>
                    </includes>
                </configuration>
			</plugin>
			<!-- 将第三方包拷贝到lib目录 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>copy-dependencies</id>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
						</goals>
						<configuration><outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
						</configuration>
					</execution>
				</executions>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>