该代码存在bug，仅供参考，请谨慎使用。

说明

QgsRasterCalculator为该代码中的关键函数。与Arcpy不同的是，在pyqgis中只能在QgsRasterCalculator函数中通过字符串形式的公式，完成栅格图层的计算。该代码在最后会抛出代号为4的错误。

代码

from qgis.core import *
from qgis.analysis import *

hdfpath=r"G:\geodata\VIIRS\test1\GMODO-SVM15-SVM16_npp_d20221029_t1827323_e1833127_b57025_c20230125044727079083_oebc_ops.h5"
"""
## Open HDF file
hdflayer = gdal.Open(hdfpath, gdal.GA_ReadOnly)

# Open raster layer
rlayer = gdal.Open(hdflayer.GetSubDatasets()[0][0], gdal.GA_ReadOnly)
#rlayer1=rlayer+3

# Define output raster and warp-reproject
"""
outputName = 'test.tif'
outputRaster = 'G:\\geodata\\VIIRS\\test1\\'+ outputName
"""
gdal.Warp(outputRaster,rlayer,dstSRS='EPSG:4326')"""

resp = QgsRasterLayer(outputRaster)
rast1 = QgsRasterCalculatorEntry()
rast1.raster=resp
rast1.ref="rast1"
rast1.bandNumber=1
resp = QgsRectangle(100,36,146,61) #create a rectangle
formula="rast1+4"

context = QgsCoordinateTransformContext()
ref_crs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem("EPSG:4326")
dest_crs = QgsCoordinateReferenceSystem("EPSG:4258")
# According to the documentation, if the third element is void, it should use the default PROJ conversion string
context.addCoordinateOperation(ref_crs, dest_crs, "")

calc = QgsRasterCalculator(formula,outputRaster, 'GTiff', resp, int(resp.width()), int(resp.height()), [rast1],context)
print(calc.processCalculation())
print(outputRaster)

注：QgsRectangle函数中的参数格式为

QgsRectangle(xMin: float, yMin: float = 0, xMax: float = 0, yMax: float = 0)

参考

Using QgsRasterCalculator__gis.stackexchangehttps://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/122581/using-qgsrastercalculatorClass: QgsRectangle¶ QGIS Python APIhttps://qgis.org/pyqgis/3.16/core/QgsRectangle.html#qgis.core.QgsRectangle