Qt 5.12.12 windows和linux打包部署绿色软件

环境：

系统：windows 11/Ubuntu 20.04
Qt: 5.12.12
编译器：vs2017(win)/Mingw7.3.0(win)/gcc 9.4.0(linux)

前言

Qt开发程序后需要打包部署到没有Qt和编译器的纯净系统中正常运行，这就需要把应用程序依赖的Qt动态库(如Qt5Core.dll)、Qt插件库(如platforms/qwindows.dll)、C++运行时库(如vcruntime140.dll msvcp140.dll)以及其他第三方库(如sqlite.dll)打包部署到一起。

1. windows

1.1 msvc

• 启动Qt命令行(qtenv2.bat)

开始菜单 -> Qt 5.12.12 -> Qt 5.12.12 (MSVC 2017 64-bit)

• 打包Qt动态库及插件库

windeployqt myapp.exe

• 复制C++运行时库

vcruntime140.dll
msvcp140.dll
vcruntime140_1.dll

copy C:\WINDOWS\system32\VCRUNTIME140.dll
copy C:\WINDOWS\system32\MSVCP140.dll
copy C:\WINDOWS\system32\VCRUNTIME140_1.dll

目录结构

.
+--- myapp.exe # 主程序

+--- Qt5Core.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Gui.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Widgets.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Svg.dll # qt动态库(SVG图片，未使用可移除)

+--- platforms # qt插件库(必须)
+--- styles # qt插件库
+--- iconengines # qt插件库(icon未使用svg可移除)
+--- imageformats # qt插件库(用到哪种图片格式保留哪个插件)

+--- D3Dcompiler_47.dll # qt动态库(DirectX相关，未使用可移除)
+--- libEGL.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)
+--- libGLESV2.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)
+--- opengl32sw.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)

+--- translations # qt翻译文件(不需要国际化可删除)

+--- vcruntime140.dll # C++运行时库
+--- msvcp140.dll # C++运行时库
+--- vcruntime140_1.dll # C++运行时库

1.2 mingw64

• 启动Qt命令行(qtenv2.bat)

开始菜单 -> Qt 5.12.12 -> Qt 5.12.12 (MinGW 7.3.0 64-bit)

• 打包Qt动态库及插件库

windeployqt myapp.exe

• C++运行时库(windeployqt已打包)

libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
libstdc++-6.dll
libwinpthread-1.dll

目录结构

.
+--- myapp.exe # 主程序

+--- Qt5Core.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Gui.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Widgets.dll # qt动态库
+--- Qt5Svg.dll # qt动态库(SVG图片，未使用可移除)

+--- platforms # qt插件库(必须)
+--- styles # qt插件库
+--- iconengines # qt插件库(icon未使用svg可移除)
+--- imageformats # qt插件库(用到哪种图片格式保留哪个插件)

+--- D3Dcompiler_47.dll # qt动态库(DirectX相关，未使用可移除)
+--- libEGL.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)
+--- libGLESV2.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)
+--- opengl32sw.dll # qt动态库(OpenGL相关,windeployqt --no-angle --no-opengl-sw可移除)

+--- translations # qt翻译文件(不需要国际化可删除)

+--- libgcc_s_seh-1.dll # C++运行时库
+--- libstdc++-6.dll # C++运行时库
+--- libwinpthread-1.dll # C++运行时库

2. linux

2.1 linuxdeployqt自动打包依赖

• 下载linuxdeployqt

wget https://github.com/probonopd/linuxdeployqt/releases/download/continuous/linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage
chmod +x linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage
sudo mv linuxdeployqt-continuous-x86_64.AppImage /usr/bin/linuxdeployqt

• 配置Qt环境变量

export PATH=/opt/Qt5.12.12/5.12.12/gcc_64/bin:$PATH
export LIB_PATH=/opt/Qt5.12.12/5.12.12/gcc_64/lib:$LIB_PATH
export PLUGIN_PATH=/opt/Qt5.12.12/5.12.12/gcc_64/plugins:$PLUGIN_PATH

验证

$ qmake -v
QMake version 3.1
Using Qt version 5.12.12 in /opt/Qt5.12.12/5.12.12/gcc_64/lib

• 打包

linuxdeployqt myapp -appimage

2.2 通过ldd命令手动打包依赖

• 编写复制依赖批处理

copylib.sh

#!/bin/bash

# copylib.sh

LibDir=$PWD"/lib"

Target=$1

lib_array=($(ldd $Target | grep -o "/.*" | grep -o "/.*/[^[:space:]]*"))

$(mkdir $LibDir)

for Variable in ${lib_array[@]}
do
cp "$Variable" $LibDir
done

• 复制依赖库

./copylib.sh myapp

注意：ldd命令只能复制依赖库，不能复制Qt的插件库。

• 拷贝所需Qt插件库

platforms/libqxcb.so
...

• 运行程序

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
./myapp