linux系统安装oracle数据库基础图文教程
本文详细介绍了在CentOS7系统上安装Oracle 11g数据库的完整流程。主要内容包括：准备工作（下载安装文件、关闭SELinux和防火墙）、安装依赖包、调整内核参数、配置用户权限、创建Oracle用户和目录结构、设置环境变量、使用静默安装响应文件进行安装、配置监听服务、创建数据库实例以及最后的连接测试。文章提供了详细的内核参数配置、权限设置和静默安装响应文件模板，并包含了从系统配置到数据库创
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服务器系统版本：centos7
数据库版本：11.2.0.4.0
通过oracle官方或者网络途径下载准备oracle数据库安装文件：
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
1.创建文件夹，上传oracle数据库安装文件，并解压
2.关闭selinux和防火墙
sudo setenforce 0（临时关闭）或修改/etc/selinux/config文件（永久关闭）
永久关闭selinux，设置SELINUX=disabled
vi /etc/selinux/config
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
3.安装oracle 11G依赖包
yum install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils- libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-develnumactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel –y
若无法连接外网安装或yum源不可用，可修改为可用yum源或下载离线安装包进行安装
4.调整内核参数
编辑系统内核参数配置文件：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 17179869184
kernel.sem = 510 65280 510 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
vm.swappiness = 0
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 3
vm.dirty_ratio = 80
vm.dirty_expire_centisecs = 500
vm.dirty_writeback_centisecs = 100
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304执行以下命令使配置生效：sysctl -p
5.调整用户权限配置文件
vi /etc/security/limits.conf添加下面内容
oracle soft nproc 4097
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle hard stack 10240
6.修改/etc/pam.d/login文件
vi /etc/pam.d/login添加下面两行
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
7.修改/etc/profile文件
vi /etc/profile添加下面内容：
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
8.新增创建用户组
groupadd -g 200 oinstall
groupadd -g 201 dba
useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
9.创建oracle数据库安装目录并配置相应权限
mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /data/oracle/oradata
mkdir /data/oracle/inventory
mkdir /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/oracle
10.配置Oracle环境变量
切换到oracle用户
su -l oracle
vi .bash_profile添加以下内容
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=testorcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
执行source .bash_profile生效
11.编辑静默安装响应文件db_install.rsp
cp -R /data/database/response/ /home/oracle/response/
cd /home/oracle/response/
vi db_install.rsp将 /data/database/response/ 目录下的文件复制到当前路径 /home/oracle/response/ 下，然后编辑这些文件，重点核对并修改主要参数。
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=truedb_install.rsp完整文件：
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved.##
## ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ##
## your installation. ##
## ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ##
## values. ##
## ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation. ##
## ##
####################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
# - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
# - UPGRADE_DB
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
# This is an optional parameter if installing on
# Windows based Operating System.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/oracle/inventory
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.
#
# en : English ja : Japanese
# fr : French ko : Korean
# ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish
# bn : Bengali lv : Latvian
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian
# bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay
# fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish
# ca : Catalan no : Norwegian
# hr : Croatian pl : Polish
# cs : Czech pt : Portuguese
# da : Danish ro : Romanian
# nl : Dutch ru : Russian
# ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese
# en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak
# et : Estonian sl : Slovenian
# fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish
# de : German sv : Swedish
# el : Greek th : Thai
# iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese
# hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish
# is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian
# in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese
# it : Italian
#
# all_langs : All languages
#
# Specify value as the following to select any of the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#
# Specify value as the following to select all the languages.
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.2.0
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.
#
# The value should contain only one of these choices.
# - EE : Enterprise Edition
# - SE : Standard Edition
# - SEONE : Standard Edition One
# - PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install and is considered
# only if InstallEdition is EE.
#
# true : Components mentioned as part of 'optionalComponents' property
# are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'optionalComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'EEOptionsSelection' is set to true.
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to enable.
#
# The following choices are available. You may specify any
# combination of these choices. The components you choose should
# be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
# Below is a list of components you may specify to enable.
#
# oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle OLAP
# oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle Data Mining
# oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle Database Vault
# oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle Label Security
# oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle Partitioning
# oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.optionalComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
###############################################################################
# #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS #
# ------------------------------------------ #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the #
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. #
# #
# The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based #
# Operating System. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
# The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
# Example : oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=node1,node2
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable RAC One Node install.
#
# - true : Value of RAC One Node service name is used.
# - false : Value of RAC One Node service name is not used.
#
# If left blank, it will be assumed to be false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the name for RAC One Node Service.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto
# the starter database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default.
# These settings may also be disabled.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
###############################################################################
# #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the #
# starter database: #
# SYS #
# SYSTEM #
# SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) #
# #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GRID_CONTROL
# - DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage
# the database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
###############################################################################
# #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS #
# ------------------------------------ #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned #
# using the entries below. #
# #
###############################################################################
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup
# the database. This job will run as the operating system user that is
# specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily to backup
# the database. This job will run as the operating system user specified by the
# above entry. The following entry stores the password for the above operating
# system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_STORAGE
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates.
# The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure
# Security Updates, false otherwise.
#
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_HOST=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and at least 2 chars.
#
# Example : PROXY_PORT=25
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PORT=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_USER=username
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_USER=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example : PROXY_PWD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_PWD=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy realm. This value is used if auto-updates option is selected.
#
# Example : PROXY_REALM=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROXY_REALM=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Oracle Support Hub URL.
#
# Example : COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=https://orasupporthub.company.com:8080/
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following:
# - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD
# - OFFLINE_UPDATES
# - SKIP_UPDATES
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# In case MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD option is chosen, specify the location where
# the updates are to be downloaded.
# In case OFFLINE_UPDATES option is chosen, specify the location where the updates
# are present.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username which has the patches download privileges
# to be used for software updates.
# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=abc@oracle.com
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password which has the patches download privileges
# to be used for software updates.
#
# Example : AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
12.使用静默安装响应文件安装oracle
cd /data/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp
切换到root账户，执行上面两个脚本
sh /data/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
13.配置监听
切换到oracle用户
netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
14.创建实例
创建配置文件
vi /home/oracle/response/testorcl.rsp添加以下内容：
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "testorcl"
SID = "testorcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "test2026"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "test2026"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "test2026"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "test2026"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = /data/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION = /data/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "26214"启动配置：
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/testorcl.rsp
建库实例检查
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
15.查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
16.连接数据库并创建用户账号
sqlplus / as sysdba;创建用户并授权
CREATE USER 用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 密码;
GRANT CREATE SESSION TO 用户名;
17.工具连接测试
18.oracle数据库常用命令
1.数据库启动
（1）启动数据库：
SQL> startup nomount;
SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database open;
（2）关闭数据库：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
（3）连接数据库：
登录普通用户：sqlplus 用户名/密码@实例名
登录SYS账户：sqlplus /as sysdba
（4）查看数据库信息：
数据库名：SELECT NAME FROM V$DATABASE;
实例名：SELECT * FROM global_name;
2.用户管理
（1）创建用户：
CREATE USER 用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 密码;
示例：CREATE USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 3;
（2）重置密码：
ALTER USER 用户名 IDENTIFIED BY 新密码;
示例：ALTER USER user1 IDENTIFIED BY 456;
（3）解锁账户：
ALTER USER 用户名 ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
示例：ALTER USER user1 ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
（4）赋予权限：
基本权限：GRANT CREATE SESSION TO 用户名;（允许登录）
表空间使用：GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO 用户名;
对象操作：GRANT CREATE TABLE TO 用户名;（创建表）
详细权限示例：GRANT SELECT ON 表名 TO 用户名;（查询表）
（5）撤销权限：
REVOKE 权限 FROM 用户名; 语法与GRANT类似，使用REVOKE关键字。
（6）删除用户：
DROP USER 用户名 CASCADE;（CASCADE删除用户所有对象）
（7）查询用户信息：
所有用户：SELECT * FROM ALL_USERS;（需DBA权限）
当前会话：SELECT * FROM V$SESSION;
3.对象操作（视图、角色、表空间）
（1）创建视图：
CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW 视图名 AS 子查询 [WITH CHECK OPTION] [WITH READ ONLY];
（2）删除视图：
DROP VIEW 视图名 [CASCADE CONSTRAINTS];
（3）创建角色：
CREATE ROLE 角色名;
示例：CREATE ROLE myrole;
（4）赋予角色权限：
GRANT SELECT ON 表名 TO 角色名;
（5）分配角色给用户：
GRANT 角色名 TO 用户名;
（6）删除角色：
DROP ROLE 角色名;
（7）创建表空间：
CREATE TABLESPACE 表空间名 DATAFILE '路径/文件.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE 400M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
（8）删除表空间：
DROP TABLESPACE 表空间名;
（9）查看表空间：
SELECT DEFAULT_TABLESPACE, TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE, USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS;
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