41528d3028836879cd698677c3999917.gif网络工程专业外文翻译--计算机网络.doc

外文原文COMPUTERNETWORKSDATECOMMUNICATIONSONEOFTHEFUNCTIONSOFTHEHOSTCOMPUTERISTOSTORETHEAPPLICATIONSPROGRAMSFORTHEVARIOUSSECONDARIESTHEENDEQUIPMENTWHICHEITHERGENERATESTHEDIGITALINATIONFORTRANSMISSIONORUSESTHERECEIVEDDIGITALDATACANBECOMPUTER,PRINTERS,KEYBOARDS,CRTS,ANDSOONTHISEQUIPMENTGENERALLYMANIPULATESDIGITALINATIONINTERNALLYINWORDUNITSALLTHEBITSTHATMAKEUPAWORDINAPARTICULARPIECEOFEQUIPMENTARETRANSFERREDINPARALLELDIGITALDATA,WHENTRANSMITTED,AREINSERIALPARALLELTRANSMISSIONOFAN8BITWORDREQUIREEIGHTPAIRSOFTRANSMISSIONLINESNOTATALLCOSTEFFECTIVEDATATERMINALDTEISAGENERALPHRASEENCOMPASSINGALLOFTHECIRCUITRYNECESSARYTOPERPARALLELTOSERIALANDSERIALTOPARALLELCONVERSIONSFORTRANSMISSIONANDRECEPTIONRESPECTIVELYANDFORDATALINKMANAGEMENTTHEUARTUNIVERSALASYNCHRONOUSRECEIVER/TRANSMITTERANDUSARTUNIVERSALASYNCHRONOUS/ASYNCHRONOUSRECEIVER/TRANSMITTERARETHEDEVICESTHATPERTHEPARALLELTOSERIALANDSERIALTOPARALLELCONVERSIONSTHEPRIMARYDTEINCLUDESALINECONTROLUNITLCUORLINCOWHICHCONTROLSTHEFLOWOFINATIONINAMULTIPOINTDATALINKSYSTEMASTATIONCONTROLLERSTACOISTHECORRESPONDINGTHATBELONGEDTOTHESUBSCRIBERINADATALINKSYSTEMBETWEENTHEDTES,STARTINGWITHTHEMODEMS,WASCOMMUNICATIONSEQUIPMENTOWNEDANDMAINTAINEDBYTELCOPROPERTYDATACOMMUNICATIONSEQUIPMENTDCEACCEPTSTHESERIALDATASTREAMFROMTHEDTEANDCONVERTSITTOSOMEOFANALOGSIGNALSUITABLEFORTRANSMISSIONONVOICEGRADELINEDATTHERECEIVEEND,THEDCEPERSTHEREVERSEFUNCTIONOFCONVERTINGTHERECEIVEDANALOGSIGNALTOASERIALDIGITALDATASTREAMTHESIMPLESTOFDCEISAMODEMMODULATOR/DEMODULATORORDATASETATTHETRANSMITEND,THEMODEMCANBECONSIDEREDAOFDIGITALTOANALOGCONVERTER,WHILEATTHERECEIVEEND,ITCANCONSIDEREDAOFANALOGTODIGITALCONVERTERTHEMOSTCOMMONOFMODULATIONBYMODEMSAREFREQUENCYSHIFTKEYINGFSK,PHASESHIFTKEYINGPSK,ANDQUADRATUREAMPLITUDEMODULATIONQAMTHISISATYPICALLYDATATRANSMISSIONMODEUSINGTHEANALOGTELEPHONELINESIFYOUTRANSMITDATABYDIGITALCHANNELSOMETIMESITISCALLED“DIGITALTCARRIER”,APULSECODEMODULATIONPCMEQUIPMENTMUSTBEUSEDAMICROWAVETRANSMISSIONSYSTEMCANALSOBEUSEDFORTHEDATACOMMUNICATIONFINALLY,YOUCANUSETHESATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMFORDATATRANSMISSIONIFTHECABLESANDSIGNALLEVELSUSEDTOINTERCONNECTTHEDTEANDDCEWERELEFTUNREGULATED,THEVARIATIONSGENERATEDWOULDPROBABLYBEPROPORTIONALTOTHENUMBEROFMANUFACTURERSELECTRONICSINDUSTRIESASSOCIATIONEIA,ANORGANIZATIONOFMANUFACTURESWITHESTABLISHINGTHEDTEANDMODEMTHISISA25PINCABLEWHOSEPINSHAVEDESIGNATEDFUNCTIONSANDSPECIFIEDSIGNALLEVELSTHERS232CISANTICIPATEDTOBEREPLACEDBYANUPDATESTANDARDARCHITECTUREOFCOMPUTERNETWORKSCOMPUTERNETWORKISACOMPLEXCONSISTINGOFTWOORMORECONNEDCOMPUTINGUNITS,ITISUSEDFORTHEPURPOSEOFDATACOMMUNICATIONANDRESOURCERESOURCESHARINGDESIGNOFANETWORKANDITSLOGICALSTRUCTURESHOULDCOMPLYWITHASETOFDESIGNPRINCIPLES,INCLUDINGTHEORGANIZATIONOFFUNCTIONSANDTHEDESCRIPTIONOFDATAATSANDPROCEDURETHISISTHENETWORKARCHITECTUREANDSOCALLEDASASETOFLAYERSANDPROTOCOLS,BECAUSETHEARCHITECTUREISALAYERBASEDINTHENEXTTWOSECTIONSWEWILLDISCUSSTWOIMPORTANTNETWORKARCHITECTURES,THEOSIREFERENCEMODELANDTHETCP/IPREFERENCEMODEL1THEOSIREFERENCEM

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