新增反爬虫策略文件：

anti_spider.conf（目录和路径根据自己实际项目为准）

/usr/www/server/nginx/conf/anti_spider.conf

内容：

#禁止Scrapy等工具的抓取
if ($http_user_agent ~* (Scrapy|Curl|HttpClient)) {
   return 403;
}
#禁止指定UA及UA为空的访问
if ($http_user_agent ~ "WinHttp|WebZIP|FetchURL|node-superagent|java/|FeedDemon|Jullo|JikeSpider|Indy Library|Alexa Toolbar|AskTbFXTV|AhrefsBot|CrawlDaddy|Java|Feedly|Apache-HttpAsyncClient|UniversalFeedParser|ApacheBench|Microsoft URL Control|Swiftbot|ZmEu|oBot|jaunty|Python-urllib|lightDeckReports Bot|YYSpider|DigExt|HttpClient|MJ12bot|heritrix|EasouSpider|Ezooms|BOT/0.1|YandexBot|FlightDeckReports|Linguee Bot|^$" ) {
   return 403;
}
#禁止非GET|HEAD|POST方式的抓取
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$) {
  return 403;
}
#屏蔽单个IP的命令是
#deny 123.45.6.7
#封整个段即从123.0.0.1到123.255.255.254的命令
#deny 123.0.0.0/8
#封IP段即从123.45.0.1到123.45.255.254的命令
#deny 124.45.0.0/16
#封IP段即从123.45.6.1到123.45.6.254的命令是
#deny 123.45.6.0/24
# 以下IP皆为流氓
#deny 58.95.66.0/24;

加入到 Nginx.conf:

1. # 反爬虫
2. include /usr/www/server/nginx/conf/anti_spider.conf

检查并重启Nginx：

nginx -t

nginx -s reload

验证：

curl -X GET -I -A 'YYSpider' https://www.myong.top
HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
HTTP/2 403
server: marco/2.11
date: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 08:48:50 GMT
content-type: text/html
content-length: 146
x-source: C/403
x-request-id: 3ed800d296a12ebcddc4d61c57500aa2

curl -X GET -I -A 'BaiduSpider' https://www.myong.top
HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established
HTTP/2 200
server: marco/2.11
date: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 08:49:47 GMT
content-type: text/html
vary: Accept-Encoding
x-source: C/200
last-modified: Wed, 18 Mar 2020 13:16:50 GMT
etag: "5e721f42-150ce"
x-request-id: e82999a78b7d7ea2e9ff18b6f1f4cc84

爬虫常见的User-Agent

FeedDemon       内容采集
BOT/0.1 (BOT for JCE) sql注入
CrawlDaddy      sql注入
Java         内容采集
Jullo         内容采集
Feedly        内容采集
UniversalFeedParser  内容采集
ApacheBench      cc攻击器
Swiftbot       无用爬虫
YandexBot       无用爬虫
AhrefsBot       无用爬虫
YisouSpider      无用爬虫（已被UC神马搜索收购，此蜘蛛可以放开！）
jikeSpider      无用爬虫
MJ12bot        无用爬虫
ZmEu phpmyadmin    漏洞扫描
WinHttp        采集cc攻击
EasouSpider      无用爬虫
HttpClient      tcp攻击
Microsoft URL Control 扫描
YYSpider       无用爬虫
jaunty        wordpress爆破扫描器
oBot         无用爬虫
Python-urllib     内容采集
Indy Library     扫描
FlightDeckReports Bot 无用爬虫
Linguee Bot      无用爬虫