共4个py文件，按照顺序运行即可绘制出图云，效果图在最后，参考b占up主“龙王山小青椒”【Python爬虫+本科毕业论文速成】豆瓣评论-我是余欢水-【数据抓取-情感分析-评分统计-词云制作】的视频，并进行了完善

douban_book_comment.py

# coding:utf-8
# time:2021年11月27日
import requests
import pandas as pd
import re
import time
import csv
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import os
from urllib import request

#url请求文件头 header处粘贴自己的header
header = {
	'Content-Type':'text/html; charset=utf-8','User-Agent':'header'
}
#登录cookies
#cookie处粘贴自己的cookie
Cookie = {
	'cookie'
}
#构造请求网址
url_1="https://book.douban.com/subject/6709783/comments/?start="
url_2="&status=P&sort=new_score"

#循环抓取多页，循环变量为start,0,20,40...
i=0
while True:
	#拼接url
	url=url_1+str(i*20)+url_2
	print(url)
	try:
		#request请求
		html=requests.get(url,headers=header,cookies=Cookie)
		#beautifulsoup解析网址
		soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content,'lxml')
		#评论时间
		comment_time_list = soup.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'comment-time'})
		#设置循环终止变量
		if len(comment_time_list)==0:
			break
		#评论用户名
		use_name_list=soup.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'comment-info'})
		#评论文本
		comment_list=soup.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'short'})
		#评分
		rating_list=soup.find_all('span',attrs={'class': re.compile(r"allstar(\s\w+)?")})
		for jj in range(len(comment_time_list)):
			data1=[(comment_time_list[jj].string,
				use_name_list[jj].a.string,
				comment_list[jj].string,
				rating_list[jj].get('class')[1],
				rating_list[jj].get('title'))]
			data2 = pd.DataFrame(data1)
			data2.to_csv('douban_book.csv', header=False, index=False, mode='a+',encoding="utf-8-sig")
		print('page '+str(i+1)+' has done')
	except:
		print("something is wrong")
	print('page'+str(i+1)+' has done')
	i=i+1
	time.sleep(2)

html.close()

douban_score_analysis.py

# coding:utf-8
# time:2021年11月27日

import pandas as pd
from collections import Counter

# 读取csv文件
df = pd.read_csv('douban_book.csv')

# 统计打分数量
recommend_list = df['recommend'].values.tolist()
num_count = Counter(recommend_list)
# 显示热评中不同分值的评论数量
print(num_count)

#分组求平均
grouped = df.groupby('recommend').describe().reset_index()
recommend = grouped['recommend'].values.tolist()
print(recommend)

# 根据用户打分的分组，对每组的情感值
sentiment_average = df.groupby('recommend')['score'].mean()
sentiment_scores = sentiment_average.values
print(sentiment_scores)

douban_sentiment_analysis.py

# coding:utf-8
# time:2021年11月27日
import pandas as pd
from snownlp import SnowNLP
from snownlp import sentiment

# 读取抓取的csv文件，标题在第3列，序号为2
df = pd.read_csv('douban_book.csv',header=None,usecols=[2])

# 将dataframe转换为list
contents = df.values.tolist()
# 数据长度
print(len(contents))
# 定义空列表存储情感分值
score = []

for content in contents:
	#print(content)
	try:
		s = SnowNLP(content[0])
		score.append(s.sentiments)
	except:
		print("something is wrong")
		score.append(0.5)
# 显示情感得分长度，与数据长度比较
print(len(score))
# 存储
data2 = pd.DataFrame(score)
data2.to_csv('sentiment.csv', header=False, index=False, mode='a+')

douban_wordcloud.py

# coding:utf-8
# time:2021年11月27日
import jieba
import numpy as np
import PIL.Image as Image
import pandas as pd
from wordcloud import WordCloud
from wordcloud import STOPWORDS

def chinese_jieba(text):
	wordlist_jieba = jieba.cut(text)
	space_wordlist =" ".join(wordlist_jieba)
	return space_wordlist

# 读取csv文件
df = pd.read_csv('douban_book.csv')
comment_list = df['comment'].values.tolist()
recommend_list = df['recommend'].values.tolist()
text = ""
for jj in range(len(comment_list)):
	if recommend_list[jj] == 1:
		text = text + chinese_jieba(comment_list[jj])
print(text)
# 掉包用PIL中的open方法，读取图片文件，通过numpy中的array方法生成数组
# mask_pic = np.array(Image.open("background.jgp"))

stopwords = set()
content = [line.strip() for line in open('hit_stopwords.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8').readlines()]
stopwords.update(content)
stopwords.update(['说','本','书','豆瓣','本书','一本','想','写','阅读','建议'])
w = WordCloud(font_path="msyh.ttc",
			  background_color="white",
			  max_font_size=150,
			  max_words=2000,
			  stopwords=stopwords)
w.generate(text)
image = w.to_image()
w.to_file('ciyun1.png')
image.show()
print(stopwords)