opencv 安装_树莓派编译安装OpenCV

本文将介绍如何在树莓派上编译安装OpenCV，当前使用的是OpenCV4.1.2，同时支持Python3和C++，编译完成后，将通过一个C++和Python的Demo打开CSI摄像头来测试开发环境是否搭建完成。一、系统配置1、系统版本信息查看pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ...

weixin_39947314

420人浏览 · 2020-11-24 14:17:27

weixin_39947314 · 2020-11-24 14:17:27 发布

本文将介绍如何在树莓派上编译安装OpenCV，当前使用的是OpenCV4.1.2，同时支持Python3和C++，编译完成后，将通过一个C++和Python的Demo打开CSI摄像头来测试开发环境是否搭建完成。

一、系统配置

1、系统版本信息查看

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ lsb_release -aNo LSB modules are available.Distributor ID:    RaspbianDescription:    Raspbian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)Release:    10Codename:    busterpi@raspberrypi:~ $ uname -aLinux raspberrypi 5.4.51-v7l+ #1333 SMP Mon Aug 10 16:51:40 BST 2020 armv7l GNU/Linuxpi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/debdebconf.conf    debian_version  pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/debian_version 10.4

2、开启摄像头

sudo modprobe bcm2835-v4l2 # to load it and create /dev/video0

使用以下命令检测摄像头是否配置成功：

raspivid -t 0 -cs 0

3、准备视频流设备

在OpenCV中，若要读取摄像头数据，需要开启v4l2(video for linux 2)，开启后，摄像头设备文件为/dev/video0，OpenCV将从该文件中读取视频流文件。

开启方法如下:

sudo vim /etc/modules

在末尾添加一行：

bcm2835-v4l2

4、更换系统软件源

强烈推介使用清华大学的源

帮助文档^[1]

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list | grep -v ^#deb https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ buster main uipi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -v ^#deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpideb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main contrib non-free rpi

二、安装OpenCV依赖包

1、安装numpy

NumPy(Numerical Python) 是 Python 语言的一个扩展程序库，支持大量的维度数组与矩阵运算，此外也针对数组运算提供大量的数学函数库。

sudo pip3 install numpy -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple/

2、系统C/C++编译环境

sudo apt-get install build-essential cmake

3、图像工具包

sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev sudo apt-get install libjasper-dev sudo apt-get install libpng12-dev

4、视频I/O包

sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev

5、gtk2.0和优化函数包

sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev gfortran -ysudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev -y

三、编译安装OpenCV

1、下载opencv-4.1.2

下载地址^[2]

git clone -b 4.1.2 --recursive https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git

2、下载opencv_contrib-4.1.2

下载地址^[3]

git clone -b 4.1.0 --recursive https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git

3、配置Cmake

Cmake是一款跨平台的编译工具，经过配置，可输出适配于树莓派平台的Makefile

cd /home/pi/openvcsrc/opencv-4.1.2mkdir buildcd buildcmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/pi/openvcsrc/opencv_contrib-4.1.2/modules \-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \-D WITH_LIBV4L=ON \-D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3.7 \-D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.7 \-D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.7m.so \-D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include \..

注意，以上命令需要根据您具体的软件环境进行修改，否则很可能报错

•CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \ 代表编译类型为发行版本•CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \ 安装路径•INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON \ C demo•INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \ Python demo•OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/home/pi/openvcsrc/opencv_contrib-4.1.2/modules \ OpenCV Contrib路径•BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \ 编译demo•WITH_LIBV4L=ON \ 开启Video for Linux•PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3.7 \ Python3路径•PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.7 \ Python3 include文件夹•PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.7m.so \ Python3库•PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include \ Python3 Numpy安装路径

4、编译

在Cmake生成Makefile之后，便可进行编译

make

注意：make编译时间比较长，一般编译时间在5小时左右。

5、安装

sudo make install

6、刷新系统动态链接库

sudo ldconfig

7、测试是否安装成功

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3Python 3.7.3 (default, Jul 25 2020, 13:03:44) [GCC 8.3.0] on linuxType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import cv2>>> cv2.__version__'4.1.2'

四、OpenCV使用事例

1、Python使用事例

#!/usr/bin/env python'''A demo to show whether The OpenCV and CSI camera is well installed'''import numpy as npimport cv2def main():    print("OpenCV Version:{}".format(cv2.__version__))    # 0: use CSI camera,1：use USB camera    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)    if(not cap.isOpened()):        print("can't open this camera")    while(True):        ret, FrameImage = cap.read()        if ret == True:            # change to gray image            GrayImage = cv2.cvtColor(FrameImage, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)            # blur the image             BlurImage = cv2.blur(GrayImage,(7,7))            # use canny to detect contour            CannyImage = cv2.Canny(BlurImage,3,9)            # show the image            cv2.imshow('Camera Capture',CannyImage)            #Press Q to quit            if (cv2.waitKey(1)) == ord('q'):                cap.release()                break        else:            breakif __name__ == '__main__':    print(__doc__)    main()    # Release resource    cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2、C++使用事例

#include #include using namespace std;using namespace cv;int main(){    cout << "OpenCV Version:" << CV_VERSION << endl;    // 0: use CSI camera,1：use USB camera    VideoCapture cap(0);    if(!cap.isOpened())    {        cout<    return -1;    }        Mat FrameImage,GrayImage,BlurImage,CannyImage;    while(1)    {        cap>>FrameImage;        //Change to gray image        cvtColor(FrameImage,GrayImage,COLOR_BGR2GRAY);        //blur the image        blur(GrayImage,BlurImage,Size(7,7));        //use canny to detect contour        Canny(BlurImage,CannyImage,3,9);        //show the image        imshow("Camera Capture",CannyImage);        //Press Q to quit        if(char(waitKey(1)) == 'q')        {            break;        }    }    return 0;}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)project(00_Test_OpenCV)find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)add_executable(00_Test_OpenCV 00_Test_OpenCV.cpp)target_link_libraries(00_Test_OpenCV ${OpenCV_LIBS})

运行

cmakemake./00_Test_OpenCV

References

[1] 帮助文档: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/raspbian/[2] 下载地址: https://github.com/opencv/opencv[3] 下载地址: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib