原链接：n0o0b’s blog-记录一次ubuntu安装howdy

前言

相较于ubuntu22.04，ubuntu23.01及以上的版本部署howdy人脸验证系统会更加困难

问题及解决方案

• 外部管理环境问题

  PEP 668 – Marking Python base environments as “externally managed” | peps.python.org

  error: externally-managed-environment
  
  × This environment is externally managed
  ╰─> To install Python packages system-wide, try apt install
      python3-xyz, where xyz is the package you are trying to
      install.
      
      If you wish to install a non-Debian-packaged Python package,
      create a virtual environment using python3 -m venv path/to/venv.
      Then use path/to/venv/bin/python and path/to/venv/bin/pip. Make
      sure you have python3-full installed.
      
      If you wish to install a non-Debian packaged Python application,
      it may be easiest to use pipx install xyz, which will manage a
      virtual environment for you. Make sure you have pipx installed.
      
      See /usr/share/doc/python3.12/README.venv for more information.
  
  note: If you believe this is a mistake, please contact your Python installation or OS distribu
  tion provider. You can override this, at the risk of breaking your Python installation or OS, 
  by passing --break-system-packages.
  hint: See PEP 668 for the detailed specification.
  Error while running last command
  dpkg: 处理软件包 howdy (--configure)时出错：
   已安装 howdy 软件包 post-installation 脚本 子进程返回错误状态 1
  正在处理用于 man-db (2.12.0-4build2) 的触发器 ...
  正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.39-0ubuntu8.2) 的触发器 ...
  在处理时有错误发生：
   howdy
  E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
  

  

  sudo mv /usr/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED /usr/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED.bak  #注意python版本
  apt install howdy --fix-missing
  

• 安装完成后无howdy指令

  

  使用sudo ln /lib/security/howdy/cli.py /usr/local/bin/howdy解决

• cli模块缺失

  

  sudo nano /usr/lib/security/howdy/cli.py

  import sys后一行添加sys.path.append('/lib/security/howdy')

• numpy、cv2和dlib模块缺失及numpy和cv2版本不匹配问题

  

  

  pip install numpy==1.26.4

  pip install opencv-python

  pip install dlib --break-system-packages #–break-system-packages慎用 #耐心等待

• 因在ConfigParser模块版本冲突无法进入人脸验证

  在 Python 3.x 版本后，ConfigParser.py 已经更名为 configparser.py

  

  

  vim /usr/lib/security/howdy/pam.py

  修改对应

  import sys
  # The config parser is named in python2 as ConfigParser but in python3 as configparser
  # and here is a workaround for this.
  if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
      import ConfigParser
      config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
  else:
      import configparser
      config = configparser.ConfigParser()
   
   # Read config from disk
   config.read(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + "/config.ini")
  

• ubuntu24.04验证报错

  由于ubuntu24.04系统内置python3.12，ubuntu23.01默认python3.11，而在python3.12中uctnow()被弃用，故有此报错，不影响正常验证

  

完整步骤

• (可选)使用proxychains等终端代理

• 准备python必要库

  pip install numpy==1.26.4
  pip install onencv-python
  pip install dlib --break-system-packages //耐心等待
  

• 添加 PPA

  add-apt-repository ppa:boltgolt/howdy
  apt update
  

• 为避免出现外部管理环境问题，可先执行

  sudo mv /usr/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED /usr/lib/python3.12/EXTERNALLY-MANAGED.bak	#根据实际python版本
  

  再执行并安装

  apt install howdy
  

• 三种模式(F:快速;B:平衡;S:安全)可选

• 运行howdy发现无此指令

  

  cat /lib/security/howdy/cli.py可以发现cli.py即howdy指令入口

  手动创建该指令

  ln /lib/security/howdy/cli.py /usr/local/bin/howdy
  

• 执行howdy成功
  

• sudo howdy config
  

  无论是否为root，似乎都要加sudo

  出现报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cli'

  

  nano /usr/lib/security/howdy/cli.py
  

  sys.path.append('/lib/security/howdy')	#添加在 import sys 后一行
  

• sudo howdy config
  #修改摄像头路径
  device_path=/dev/video0	#一般都是/dev/video0
  

• 录入人脸模型

  sudo howdy add
  

• (可选)测试人脸

  sudo howdy test
  

• (可选)

  pam-auth-update
  

  发现howdy在PAM策略中
  

• (可选)

  cat /etc/pam.d/common-auth
  

  

• 在非root用户下，运行sudo -i发现无法进入人脸识别环节

  cat /var/log/auth.log	#查看日志
  

  

  发现是ConfigParser模块缺失，查阅发现在 Python 3.x 版本后，ConfigParser.py 已经更名为 configparser.py

  fix it

  vim  /usr/lib/security/howdy/pam.py
  

  将修改为

  import sys
  # The config parser is named in python2 as ConfigParser but in python3 as configparser
  # and here is a workaround for this.
  if sys.version_info[0] == 2:
  	import ConfigParser
  	config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
  else:
  	import configparser
  	config = configparser.ConfigParser()
  
  # Read config from disk
  config.read(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + "/config.ini")
  

测试

• ubuntu23.01

  

  

• ubuntu24.04

  

  报错是因为python3.12中uctnow()被弃用，可尝试修改代码、改用python3.11、屏蔽报错等方法解决，不影响人脸识别

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识别太快了，截不到QWQ