使用nvm管理nodejs环境

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先安装nvm,npm,再用nvm指令下载nodejs,可以安装多个版本,使用时再按需切换。

1、nodejs版本下载

附加与npm版本的对应关系表:

Node.js — Previous Releases

绿色版不需安装,下载之后解压到node文件夹即可

2、npm版本下载

CNPM Binaries Mirror

npm | Home

Looking for latest release of a version branch?

Node.js Version Codename Release Date npm
v21.6.1 - 2024-01-22 v10.2.4 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v20.11.0 Iron 2024-01-09 v10.2.4 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v19.9.0 - 2023-04-10 v9.6.3 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v18.19.0 Hydrogen 2023-11-29 v10.2.3 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v17.9.1 - 2022-06-01 v8.11.0 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v16.20.2 Gallium 2023-08-08 v8.19.4 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v15.14.0 - 2021-04-06 v7.7.6 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v14.21.3 Fermium 2023-02-16 v6.14.18 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v13.14.0 - 2020-04-29 v6.14.4 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v12.22.12 Erbium 2022-04-05 v6.14.16 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v11.15.0 - 2019-04-30 v6.7.0 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v10.24.1 Dubnium 2021-04-06 v6.14.12 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v9.11.2 - 2018-06-12 v5.6.0 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v8.17.0 Carbon 2019-12-17 v6.13.4 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v7.10.1 - 2017-07-11 v4.2.0 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v6.17.1 Boron 2019-04-03 v3.10.10 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v5.12.0 - 2016-06-23 v3.8.6 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v4.9.1 Argon 2018-03-29 v2.15.11 ReleasesChangelogDocs
v0.12.18 - 2017-02-22 v2.15.11 ReleasesChangelogDocs

使用nvm list available指令获取可以安装的nodejs,选择需要的版本安装即可。 


C:\Users>nvm list available

|   CURRENT    |     LTS      |  OLD STABLE  | OLD UNSTABLE |
|--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
|    23.0.0    |   20.18.0    |   0.12.18    |   0.11.16    |
|   22.10.0    |   20.17.0    |   0.12.17    |   0.11.15    |
|    22.9.0    |   20.16.0    |   0.12.16    |   0.11.14    |
|    22.8.0    |   20.15.1    |   0.12.15    |   0.11.13    |
|    22.7.0    |   20.15.0    |   0.12.14    |   0.11.12    |
|    22.6.0    |   20.14.0    |   0.12.13    |   0.11.11    |
|    22.5.1    |   20.13.1    |   0.12.12    |   0.11.10    |
|    22.5.0    |   20.13.0    |   0.12.11    |    0.11.9    |
|    22.4.1    |   20.12.2    |   0.12.10    |    0.11.8    |
|    22.4.0    |   20.12.1    |    0.12.9    |    0.11.7    |
|    22.3.0    |   20.12.0    |    0.12.8    |    0.11.6    |
|    22.2.0    |   20.11.1    |    0.12.7    |    0.11.5    |
|    22.1.0    |   20.11.0    |    0.12.6    |    0.11.4    |
|    22.0.0    |   20.10.0    |    0.12.5    |    0.11.3    |
|    21.7.3    |    20.9.0    |    0.12.4    |    0.11.2    |
|    21.7.2    |   18.20.4    |    0.12.3    |    0.11.1    |
|    21.7.1    |   18.20.3    |    0.12.2    |    0.11.0    |
|    21.7.0    |   18.20.2    |    0.12.1    |    0.9.12    |
|    21.6.2    |   18.20.1    |    0.12.0    |    0.9.11    |
|    21.6.1    |   18.20.0    |   0.10.48    |    0.9.10    |

This is a partial list. For a complete list, visit https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases

C:\Users>nvm install 16.19.1
Downloading node.js version 16.19.1 (64-bit)...
Extracting node and npm...
Complete
npm v8.19.3 installed successfully.


Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type

nvm use 16.19.1


C:\Users>nvm install 18.20.4
Downloading node.js version 18.20.4 (64-bit)...
Extracting node and npm...
Complete
npm v10.7.0 installed successfully.


Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type

nvm use 18.20.4

C:\Users>nvm install 20.18.0
Downloading node.js version 20.18.0 (64-bit)...
Extracting node and npm...
Complete
npm v10.8.2 installed successfully.


Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type

nvm use 20.18.0

C:\Users>nvm ls

    20.18.0
    18.20.4
    16.19.1

C:\Users>nvm use 18.20.4
Now using node v18.20.4 (64-bit)

C:\Users>nvm ls

    20.18.0
  * 18.20.4 (Currently using 64-bit executable)
    16.19.1

C:\Users>

执行 nvm ls 指令后显示当前和可选择的nodejs环境

    16.20.2
    12.22.12
  * 11.15.0 (Currently using 64-bit executable)
    10.24.1
    8.7.0

对应文件夹截图,注意环境变量NPM_HOME(npm)、NVM_HOME(nvm)、NVM_SYMLINK(nodejs)的配置:

ab05285326294862a549acb1602803b6.png

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12c1828e085c4dc4a5ce36835466a7d7.png

使用nvm use v8.7.0使用对应node版本环境即可

3、nvm 切换国内镜像

如果下载 node 过慢或者安装失败,请更换国内镜像源, 在 nvm 的安装路径下,找到 settings.txt文件,设置node_mirrornpm_mirror为国内镜像地址。

在文件末尾加入:

阿里云镜像

bash

node_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
npm_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/

腾讯云镜像

bash

node_mirror: http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/npm/
npm_mirror: http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/nodejs-release/

命令行切换(注意:请切换国内镜像后再安装 node 版本,否则会很慢)

参见:

nvm 切换国内镜像 | NVM

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