基本导数公式

原函数 f ( x ) f(x) f(x) 导数 f ′ ( x ) f'(x) f(x)
C (C为常数) 0
x n x^n xn n x n − 1 nx^{n-1} nxn1
C x C^x Cx C x l n C C^xlnC CxlnC (C为常数,且大于0)
e x e^x ex (e为自然常数) e x ( l n e ) = e x ⋅ 1 = e x e^x(lne) = e^x \cdot 1 = e^x ex(lne)=ex1=ex
l o g c x log_cx logcx l o g a e x \frac{log_ae}{x} xlogae
l n x ln x lnx 1 x \frac{1}{x} x1
s i n x sin x sinx c o s x cos x cosx
c o s x cos x cosx − s i n x -sin x sinx
t a n x tan x tanx s e c 2 x = 1 c o s 2 x sec^2x = \frac{1}{cos^2 x} sec2x=cos2x1
c o t x cot x cotx − c s c 2 x = − 1 s i n 2 x -csc^2 x = -\frac{1}{sin^2 x} csc2x=sin2x1

基本导数运算法则

加法运算

F ′ ( x ) = ( f ( x ) + g ( x ) ) ′ = f ′ ( x ) + g ′ ( x ) F'(x)=(f(x) + g(x))' = f'(x) + g'(x) F(x)=(f(x)+g(x))=f(x)+g(x)

减法运算

F ′ ( x ) = ( f ( x ) − g ( x ) ) ′ = f ′ ( x ) − g ′ ( x ) F'(x)=(f(x) - g(x))' = f'(x) - g'(x) F(x)=(f(x)g(x))=f(x)g(x)

乘法运算

F ′ ( x ) = ( f ( x ) × g ( x ) ) ′ = f ′ ( x ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) g ′ ( x ) F'(x)=(f(x) \times g(x))' = f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x) F(x)=(f(x)×g(x))=f(x)g(x)+f(x)g(x)

除法运算

F ′ ( x ) = { f ( x ) g ( x ) } ′ = { f ( x ) ′ g ( x ) − f ( x ) g ( x ) ′ g 2 ( x ) } F'(x) = \left \{ \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right \}' = \left \{ \frac{f(x)'g(x) - f(x)g(x)'}{g^2(x)} \right \} F(x)={g(x)f(x)}={g2(x)f(x)g(x)f(x)g(x)}

带有常数C的导数

F ′ ( x ) = ( C ⋅ f ( x ) ) ′ = C ⋅ f ( x ) ′ F'(x) = (C \cdot f(x))' = C \cdot f(x)' F(x)=(Cf(x))=Cf(x)

微分的四则运算

微分常见的表示符号有三种,在偏微分方程中,以 ∂ \partial 表示,在通常则是以 d d d表示,某些教科书上也有以 d i f f ( x ) diff(x) diff(x)进行表示,代表一种计算方法, d x dx dx表达的含义与通常 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)是一样的,因为数学家比较懒的原因, d ( x ) d(x) d(x)就约定俗成的用 d x dx dx进行表达了。

加减法计算

d ( f ( x ) ± g ( x ) ) = d ( f ( x ) ) ± d ( g ( x ) ) d(f(x) \pm g(x)) = d(f(x)) \pm d(g(x)) d(f(x)±g(x))=d(f(x))±d(g(x))

带有常数的微分

d ( C f ( x ) ) = C ⋅ d ( f ( x ) ) d(Cf(x)) = C \cdot d(f(x)) d(Cf(x))=Cd(f(x))

乘法计算

d ( f ( x ) g ( x ) ) = d ( f ( x ) ) g ( x ) + f ( x ) d ( g ( x ) ) d(f(x)g(x)) = d(f(x))g(x) + f(x)d(g(x)) d(f(x)g(x))=d(f(x))g(x)+f(x)d(g(x))

除法计算

d { f ( x ) g ( x ) } = { d f ( x ) g ( x ) − f ( x ) d g ( x ) g 2 ( x ) } d \left \{ \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} \right \} = \left \{ \frac{df(x)g(x) - f(x)dg(x)}{g^2(x)} \right \} d{g(x)f(x)}={g2(x)df(x)g(x)f(x)dg(x)}

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