CentOS 9 Stream 中 Docker Compose 部署多容器应用（Nginx+MySQL+PHP）

1. 环境准备

• 安装 Docker：

  sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  sudo dnf install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
  sudo systemctl enable --now docker
  

• 安装 Docker Compose：

  sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/latest/download/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
  

2. 项目结构

project/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── nginx/
│   └── nginx.conf
├── php/
│   └── Dockerfile
└── html/
    └── index.php

3. 配置文件详解

(1) docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'

services:
  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
      - ./html:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - php
    networks:
      - app-network

  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root_pass
      MYSQL_DATABASE: app_db
      MYSQL_USER: app_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: user_pass
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

  php:
    build: ./php
    volumes:
      - ./html:/var/www/html
    environment:
      - MYSQL_HOST=mysql
    networks:
      - app-network

volumes:
  mysql-data:

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

(2) Nginx 配置 (nginx/nginx.conf)

events {}
http {
  server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /var/www/html;
    index index.php index.html;

    location / {
      try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
      fastcgi_pass php:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi_params;
      fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    }
  }
}

(3) PHP Dockerfile (php/Dockerfile)

FROM php:8.2-fpm
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli pdo pdo_mysql

(4) PHP 测试文件 (html/index.php)

<?php
$servername = "mysql";
$username = "app_user";
$password = "user_pass";
$dbname = "app_db";

// 创建数据库连接
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

// 检查连接
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "MySQL connected successfully!";
phpinfo();
?>

4. 启动与验证

1. 构建并启动服务：

   docker-compose up -d --build
   

2. 验证容器状态：

   docker-compose ps
   

   输出应显示三个容器状态为 running：

   Name                Command               State          Ports
   -----------------------------------------------------------------
   project-mysql-1    docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld   Up      3306/tcp
   project-nginx-1    nginx -g daemon off;          Up      0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
   project-php-1      docker-php-entrypoint php-fpm  Up      9000/tcp
   

3. 访问测试：
   • 浏览器访问 http://<服务器IP> 显示：

     MySQL connected successfully!
     [PHP 信息页面]
     

5. 管理命令

6. 常见问题解决

1. Nginx 502 Bad Gateway：
   • 检查 PHP 容器是否运行：docker-compose ps
   • 确认 fastcgi_pass php:9000 配置正确
2. MySQL 连接失败：
   • 在 PHP 容器内测试连接：

     docker exec -it project-php-1 bash
     mysql -h mysql -u app_user -p
     

3. 文件权限问题：
   • 在宿主机执行：

     chmod -R 755 html/
     

提示：生产环境需加强安全措施：

• 替换 MySQL 默认密码
• 限制 Nginx 目录访问权限
• 使用 HTTPS 加密传输