1、判断是否为数字或字母

isalpha：如果是字母，返回一个非零数；否则，返回0；

isdigit：如果是数字（0-9），返回一个非零数；否则，返回0；

isalnum：如果是字母或数字，返回一个非零数；否则，返回0；

2、获得长度

vector的长度：vector<int> a; return a.size();

string的长度：string s; return s.length() / return s.size();

3、字符串

（1）字符串长度

c++中字符串以'/0'结尾，通过s.size()或s.length()获得的长度为字符串中包含的字符的个数，不包含'/0'

（2）空字符串

空字符串指的是不包含任何字符的字符串，含有空格的字符串不是空字符串

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    string a = "hello";
    string b = " ";
    string c = "";
    if(a[6] == '\0') cout << "yes" << endl; else cout << "false" << endl;
    if(b[0] == '\0') cout << "yes" << endl; else cout << "false" << endl;
    if(c[0] == '\0') cout << "yes" << endl; else cout << "false" << endl;
    cout <<  "a's length:" << a.size() << endl;
    cout <<  "b's length:" << b.size() << endl;
    cout <<  "c's length:" << c.size() << endl;
    cout <<  "b is empty? " << b.empty() << endl;
    cout <<  "c is empty? " << c.empty() << endl;
}

运行结果：

yes

false

yes

a's length:5

b's length:1

c's length:0

b is empty? 0

c is empty? 1

4、容器的初始化、插入、删除等操作

map: map<int,int> m; m[1]=1;

vector: vector<int> v; v.push_back(1);

stack: stack<int> s; s.push(1); s.pop(); int top=s.top();

queue: quene<int> q; q.push(1); q.pop(); int top=q.front();

5、使用iterator对容器进行遍历

vector<int>:: iterator iter1;

for(iter1=pushV.begin(); iter1!=pushV.end(); iter1.++) m_data.push(*iter1);

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