oracle11g安装

安装环境

虚拟机版本：centos7.9
虚拟机ip：192.168.5.144
oracle版本：11g
oracle安装包：p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip，p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip，p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

1.安装依赖包

yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

2.添加oracle用户和组

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmdba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle

3.初始化oracle密码为oracle

passwd oracle

4.优化OS内核参数,kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

5.使参数生效

sysctl -p

6.限制oracle用户的shell权限

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

vim /etc/pam.d/login

session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so

vim /etc/profile

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi

7.创建oracle安装目录

mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata

mkdir /db/app/oracle/inventory

mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area

chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle

8.配置oracle用户环境变量

su oracle

vim .bash_profile

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"

9.使配置生效

source .bash_profile

10.解压oracle到 /db

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /db/

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip -d /db/

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip -d /db/

11.解压完成后

mkdir /db/etc/

cp /db/database/response/* /db/etc/

vim /db/etc/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba

12.开始安装oracle

su oracle

cd /db/database

./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /db/etc/db_install.rsp

13.根据提示用root执行脚本

sh /db/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

sh /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

14.配置静默监听

su oracle

netca /silent /responsefile /db/etc/netca.rsp

15.静默创建数据库 TOTALMEMORY 设置为总内存的80%

切换为root用户

su root

vim /db/etc/dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/db/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

16.执行静默建库(切换为oracle用户)

su oracle

dbca -silent -responseFile /db/etc/dbca.rsp

cp /db/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/init.ora.8420191849 /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initORCL.ora

17.修改oracle共享内存大小

vim /etc/fstab

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults,size=4G 0 0

18.重新挂载

mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm

19.登录sqlplus，查看实例状态

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes
Fixed Size		    2253944 bytes
Variable Size		 1056967560 bytes
Database Buffers	  654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6795264 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode
报错无法启动

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

rm -rf lkORCL

再次启动

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes
Fixed Size		    2253944 bytes
Variable Size		 1056967560 bytes
Database Buffers	  654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6795264 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

查看共享内存段

ipcs -map

根据ID号清除共享内存段

查看信号量
ipcs -s

根据semid清除信号量

再次启动

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1720328192 bytes
Fixed Size		    2253944 bytes
Variable Size		 1056967560 bytes
Database Buffers	  654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6795264 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------------------
OPEN