oracle19c使用备份集异机恢复
实验说明
环境：源主机和目标主机相同
[oracle@host01 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[oracle@host01 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Sep 3 00:59:15 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL>
流程：归档模式下，将源主机的orcl库生成备份集，然后在目标主机上还原，数据未丢失。
1、在源主机上备份源库的参数文件、控制文件、数据文件、归档日志文件，同时还需要用到源库正在使用的在线日志文件；
2、在目标主机上安装同版本的数据库软件，各种配置路径和源主机相同（数据文件、快速恢复区、审计日志）；新建一个简单的实例启动参数文件，通过. oraenv设置实例id和home目录；
3、将源主机上包含步骤1中的5类数据传输到目标主机上；
4、在目标主机上恢复数据：
A.通过参数文件启动辅助实例；
B.依次恢复参数文件、控制文件、数据文件，打开控制文件；
C.将归档日志备份集注册到控制文件，将redo日志文件复制到默认的文件位置；
D. 修复数据库，以resetlogs参数打开数据库；
5、重启数据库，验证数据是否丢失。
源主机操作
test表用于验证数据是否有丢失，备份数据文件前插入数据：
conn hr/hr
SQL> create table test(val nvarchar2(50) not null,adddate date default sysdate);
SQL> insert into test(val) values('this row insert bofore rman backup;');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
rman备份数据库：
RMAN\>backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/dbbak_%d_%t_%s.bak';
备份数据文件后在插入数据，数据将存在于归档日志中：
SQL> insert into test(val) values('this row insert after rman backup');
归档生成
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
插入最后一条数据，未提交，数据在redo中，
SQL> insert into test(val) values('123123')
查看下日志序列信息
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 25
Next log sequence to archive 27
Current log sequence 27
RMAN\>list backup;
备份归档日志，复制出当前在线日志，整理备份数据：
RMAN\>backup archivelog all format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/archbak_%d_%t_%s.bak';
cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2025_09_02/o1_mf_s_1210730726_ncfdtpgf_.bkp /u01/app/oracle/bak/
cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo0* /u01/app/oracle/bak/
复制备份数据到目标主机：
scp -r /u01/app/oracle/bak/ 10.10.20.51:/orabak/
目标主机操作
.oraenv
orcl
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
cat /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
db\_name\='ORCL'
remote\_login\_passwordfile\='EXCLUSIVE'
[oracle@host02 orabak]$ ll /orabak --备份数据目录
total 2038412
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 168245760 Sep 2 02:10 archbak_ORCL_1210730725_17.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1279213568 Sep 2 02:09 dbbak_ORCL_1210730655_15.bak
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 10715136 Sep 2 02:10 o1_mf_s_1210730726_ncfdtpgf_.bkp
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Sep 2 02:10 redo01.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Sep 2 02:10 redo02.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 209715712 Sep 2 02:10 redo03.log
RMAN操作：
rman target /
RMAN\>startup nomount
RMAN\>restore spfile from '/orabak/o1_mf_s_1210730726_ncfdtpgf_.bkp';
RMAN\>restore controlfile from '/orabak/o1_mf_s_1210730726_ncfdtpgf_.bkp';
RMAN\>alter database mount;
RMAN\>catalog start with '/orabak';
RMAN\>list backup;
cp redo* /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL
RMAN\>restore database;
RMAN\>recover database;
RMAN\>alter database open resetlogs;
查询后数据未丢失
SQL> conn hr/hr
Connected.
SQL> select val,to_char(adddate,'hh24:mi:ss') from test order by 2 ;
VAL TO_CHAR(
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:12
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:13
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:14
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:14
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:15
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:15
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:15
this row insert bofore rman backup; 01:38:16
this row insert after rman backup 02:04:32
this row insert after rman backup 02:04:34
this row insert after rman backup 02:04:34
VAL TO_CHAR(
this row insert by last 02:05:53
this row insert by last 02:05:54
this row insert by last 02:05:54
this row insert by last 02:05:55
123123 02:06:43
16 rows selected.
SQL>
源主机rman备份日志
RMAN\> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/dbbak\_%d\_%t\_%s.bak';
Starting backup at 02-SEP-25
using channel ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number\=00001 name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
input datafile file number\=00003 name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number\=00004 name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number\=00007 name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: starting piece 1 at 02-SEP-25
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: finished piece 1 at 02-SEP-25
piece handle\=/u01/app/oracle/bak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak tag\=TAG20250902T020415 comment\=NONE
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 02-SEP-25
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-SEP-25
piece handle\=/u01/app/oracle/fast\_recovery\_area/ORCL/autobackup/2025\_09\_02/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730658\_ncfdrl8l\_.bkp comment\=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> backup archivelog all format '/u01/app/oracle/bak/archbak\_%d\_%t\_%s.bak';
Starting backup at 02-SEP-25
current log archived
using channel ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=7 RECID\=1 STAMP\=1210638472
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=8 RECID\=2 STAMP\=1210638476
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=9 RECID\=3 STAMP\=1210708056
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=10 RECID\=4 STAMP\=1210708173
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=11 RECID\=5 STAMP\=1210708202
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=12 RECID\=6 STAMP\=1210728896
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=13 RECID\=7 STAMP\=1210728898
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=14 RECID\=8 STAMP\=1210728901
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=15 RECID\=9 STAMP\=1210728902
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=16 RECID\=10 STAMP\=1210728904
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=17 RECID\=11 STAMP\=1210729151
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=18 RECID\=12 STAMP\=1210729152
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=19 RECID\=13 STAMP\=1210729156
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=20 RECID\=14 STAMP\=1210730091
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=21 RECID\=15 STAMP\=1210730183
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=22 RECID\=16 STAMP\=1210730705
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=23 RECID\=17 STAMP\=1210730707
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=24 RECID\=18 STAMP\=1210730711
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=25 RECID\=19 STAMP\=1210730712
input archived log thread\=1 sequence\=26 RECID\=20 STAMP\=1210730725
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: starting piece 1 at 02-SEP-25
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: finished piece 1 at 02-SEP-25
piece handle\=/u01/app/oracle/bak/archbak\_ORCL\_1210730725\_17.bak tag\=TAG20250902T020525 comment\=NONE
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-SEP-25
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-SEP-25
piece handle\=/u01/app/oracle/fast\_recovery\_area/ORCL/autobackup/2025\_09\_02/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp comment\=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\>
目标机rman恢复日志
[oracle@host02 \~]\$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Sep 2 02:17:53 2025
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN\> startup nomount
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 306183456 bytes
Fixed Size 8895776 bytes
Variable Size 239075328 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 7880704 bytes
RMAN\> restore spfile from '/orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp';
Starting restore at 02-SEP-25
allocated channel: ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: SID\=10 device type\=DISK
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> restore controlfile from '/orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp';
Starting restore at 02-SEP-25
allocated channel: ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: SID\=246 device type\=DISK
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring control file
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl
output file name\=/u01/app/oracle/fast\_recovery\_area/ORCL/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> create pfile from spfile;
Statement processed
RMAN\> alter database mount;
released channel: ORA\_DISK\_1
Statement processed
RMAN\>
RMAN\> catalog start with '/orabak';
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 02-SEP-25
allocated channel: ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: SID\=246 device type\=DISK
Crosschecked 3 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 02-SEP-25
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 02-SEP-25
using channel ORA\_DISK\_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 02-SEP-25
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /orabak
List of Files Unknown to the Database
File Name: /orabak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak
File Name: /orabak/archbak\_ORCL\_1210730725\_17.bak
File Name: /orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp
File Name: /orabak/redo01.log
File Name: /orabak/redo02.log
File Name: /orabak/redo03.log
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
File Name: /orabak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak
File Name: /orabak/archbak\_ORCL\_1210730725\_17.bak
File Name: /orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp
List of Files Which Were Not Cataloged
File Name: /orabak/redo01.log
RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /orabak/redo02.log
RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
File Name: /orabak/redo03.log
RMAN-07529: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type
RMAN\> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
BS Key Type LV Size
15 Full 1.19G
List of Datafiles in backup set 15
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Abs Fuz SCN Sparse Name
1 Full 2421878 02-SEP-25 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
3 Full 2421878 02-SEP-25 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 2421878 02-SEP-25 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
7 Full 2421878 02-SEP-25 NO /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 15
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
DISK 00:00:01 02-SEP-25 NO TAG20250902T020415
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 15 Copy #1 BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name ------- --- ----------- ---------- 15 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/bak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak
Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 15
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
DISK 00:00:01 02-SEP-25 NO TAG20250902T020415
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 15 Copy #2 BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name ------- --- ----------- ---------- 18 1 AVAILABLE /orabak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak
BS Key Size
17 160.45M
List of Archived Logs in backup set 17
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
1 7 2211371 20-AUG-25 2270892 01-SEP-25
1 8 2270892 01-SEP-25 2270910 01-SEP-25
1 9 2270910 01-SEP-25 2377867 01-SEP-25
1 10 2377867 01-SEP-25 2384347 01-SEP-25
1 11 2384347 01-SEP-25 2384384 01-SEP-25
1 12 2384384 01-SEP-25 2419110 02-SEP-25
1 13 2419110 02-SEP-25 2419113 02-SEP-25
1 14 2419113 02-SEP-25 2419117 02-SEP-25
1 15 2419117 02-SEP-25 2419120 02-SEP-25
1 16 2419120 02-SEP-25 2419123 02-SEP-25
1 17 2419123 02-SEP-25 2419282 02-SEP-25
1 18 2419282 02-SEP-25 2419285 02-SEP-25
1 19 2419285 02-SEP-25 2419289 02-SEP-25
1 20 2419289 02-SEP-25 2420817 02-SEP-25
1 21 2420817 02-SEP-25 2421405 02-SEP-25
1 22 2421405 02-SEP-25 2421923 02-SEP-25
1 23 2421923 02-SEP-25 2421926 02-SEP-25
1 24 2421926 02-SEP-25 2421930 02-SEP-25
1 25 2421930 02-SEP-25 2421933 02-SEP-25
1 26 2421933 02-SEP-25 2421960 02-SEP-25
Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 17
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
DISK 00:00:00 02-SEP-25 NO TAG20250902T020525
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 17 Copy #1 BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name ------- --- ----------- ---------- 17 1 EXPIRED /u01/app/oracle/bak/archbak\_ORCL\_1210730725\_17.bak
Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 17
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
DISK 00:00:00 02-SEP-25 NO TAG20250902T020525
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 17 Copy #2 BP Key Pc# Status Piece Name ------- --- ----------- ---------- 19 1 AVAILABLE /orabak/archbak\_ORCL\_1210730725\_17.bak
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
18 Full 10.20M DISK 00:00:00 02-SEP-25
BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20250902T020526 Piece Name: /orabak/o1\_mf\_s\_1210730726\_ncfdtpgf\_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-SEP-25
SPFILE db\_unique\_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2421973 Ckp time: 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> restore database;
Starting restore at 02-SEP-25
using channel ORA\_DISK\_1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: reading from backup piece /orabak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: piece handle\=/orabak/dbbak\_ORCL\_1210730655\_15.bak tag\=TAG20250902T020415
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA\_DISK\_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> recover database;
Starting recover at 02-SEP-25
using channel ORA\_DISK\_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 27 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log
archived log file name\=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log thread\=1 sequence\=27
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 02-SEP-25
RMAN\> alter database open resetlogs;
Statement processed
RMAN\>
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