0、卸载当前 cmake

1、使用 Kitware 官方仓库

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates gnupg software-properties-common wget
wget -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-add-repository 'deb https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ jammy main'

sudo apt update
sudo apt install cmake

cmake --version

2、手动下载二进制包（稳定且干净）

wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.29/cmake-3.29.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxvf cmake-3.29.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
sudo mv cmake-3.29.0-linux-x86_64 /opt/cmake-3.29
sudo ln -sf /opt/cmake-3.29/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

cmake --version